Summation symbol (sigma) (∑)
U+2211 · N-ARY SUMMATION · Unicode 1.1 (1993)
How to type ∑
Windows
No Alt code
∑ is not in the Windows code pages 1252 or 437, so it has no Alt code. Use one of the methods below or copy it from this page.
Word and Outlook: Alt + X
2211 Alt+X
Type 2211 and press Alt+X right after it: Word turns the code into ∑. Press Alt+X again to turn it back into the code.
Emoji and symbols panel (Windows 10 and 11)
Win+.
Press Win + full stop (.) to open the panel, go to the Symbols tab (Ω) and pick ∑.
No numeric keypad on your laptop? See the other ways in our Alt codes guide.
Mac
Keyboard shortcut (U.S. layout)
⌥ Option+W
Press ⌥ Option+W to type ∑. This is on the standard U.S. and U.S. English Mac layouts.
Character Viewer
Ctrl+⌘ Cmd+Space
Press Ctrl+⌘+Space (or the Globe key + E), search for “summation symbol (sigma)” and click ∑ to insert it.
iPhone
Make a shortcut (Text Replacement)
Turn a short word into ∑ once and type it in any app:
- Copy ∑ from this page.
- Open Settings › General › Keyboard › Text Replacement and tap +.
- Paste ∑ as the Phrase and type a Shortcut, for example ;summat.
- Now type ;summat anywhere: the keyboard suggests ∑.
Android
Make a shortcut (Gboard personal dictionary)
Teach your keyboard a short word that turns into ∑:
- Copy ∑ from this page.
- Open Gboard settings › Dictionary › Personal dictionary, choose your language and tap +.
- Paste ∑ as the word and type a shortcut, for example ;summat.
- Type ;summat in any app and tap ∑ in the suggestions.
Linux
Unicode input
Ctrl+Shift+U 2211 Enter
Press Ctrl+Shift+U, type 2211 and press Enter or Space. Works in GTK apps and with IBus (GNOME, Ubuntu, Fedora).
What ∑ means and how it is used
The summation sign ∑ (U+2211) adds a series of terms: ∑ i from 1 to n. It is a separate character from the Greek capital sigma Σ, sized and spaced for maths; most fonts draw them alike. On a US Mac Option+W types ∑. Statistics formulas such as the mean use it constantly.
Summation symbol (sigma) (∑) is the Unicode character U+2211, officially called N-ARY SUMMATION. It is in the Mathematical Operators block and has been part of Unicode since version 1.1 (1993).
People also call it or search for it as: mathematics, n-ary, summation.
On this site it is part of the math symbols (148 symbols), next to π ∞ √ ± ×.
Codes for HTML, CSS and JavaScript
Tap Copy next to the code you need.
| HTML entity | ∑ | |
|---|---|---|
| HTML decimal | ∑ | |
| HTML hex | ∑ | |
| CSS | content: "\2211"; | |
| JavaScript | \u2211 | |
| URL | %E2%88%91 | |
| UTF-8 bytes | E2 88 91 | |
| Unicode | U+2211 |
Will it show on my friend's phone?
∑ has been in Unicode since version 1.1 (1993). Practically every phone, computer and app shows it.
Checking your device…
Don't confuse ∑ with
These look alike but are different characters. Search, sorting and screen readers treat them differently, so copy the one you mean.
- ∑Summation symbol (sigma)U+2211 · N-ARY SUMMATION
- Latin capital letter eshU+01A9 · LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ESH · Latin Extended-B
- Sigma symbolU+03A3 · GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA · Greek and Coptic
- ⅀U+2140 · Letterlike Symbols
- ⵉU+2D49 · Tifinagh
- 𝚺U+1D6BA · Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols
- 𝛴U+1D6F4 · Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols
Names in other languages
What ∑ is called in the 12 languages of this site (Unicode CLDR and our editors). Tap a name to open that language's page.
| Language | Name |
|---|---|
| English | Summation symbol (sigma) |
| Português | Símbolo de somatório |
| Español | Símbolo de sumatoria |
| Italiano | Simbolo sommatoria |
| Français | Symbole somme |
| Deutsch | Summenzeichen |
| Türkçe | Toplam sembolü (sigma) |
| Bahasa Indonesia | Simbol penjumlahan (sigma) |
| Polski | Symbol sumy |
| Русский | Знак суммы |
| 日本語 | 総和記号 (シグマ) |
| 한국어 | 합 기호 (시그마) |
Related symbols
All Math →Questions people ask
How do I type ∑ on a laptop without a numeric keypad?
On Windows press Win + full stop (.) and pick ∑ in the Symbols tab, or in Word type 2211 and press Alt+X. On a Mac press ⌥ Option+W.
What is the difference between ∑ and Ʃ?
∑ is the summation symbol (sigma) (U+2211). Ʃ is a different character: latin capital letter esh (U+01A9, Latin Extended-B block). They can look alike, but computers treat them as different letters, so a search for one will not find the other.
How do I type ∑ on an iPhone?
The iPhone keyboard has no key for ∑. Copy it here, then add it in Settings › General › Keyboard › Text Replacement with a shortcut like ;summat.
What is the HTML code for the summation symbol (sigma)?
Use the entity ∑ or the numeric code ∑ (hex ∑). In CSS write \2211, in JavaScript \u2211.
Will ∑ show on every phone?
∑ has been in Unicode since version 1.1 (1993). Practically every phone, computer and app shows it.